C Architecture & Compilation: Understand source code compilation workflow (Preprocessing, Compiling, Assembling, Linking).

First Program: Structure of a C program, header files (#include), entry point (main), and syntax conventions.

Basic Diagnostics: Working with comments, standard error.

Data Types & Modifiers: Primitive types (int, float, double, char), signed/unsigned modifiers, and memory sizes (sizeof).

Constants & Type Casting: Defining literals, #define macros, const qualifiers, and implicit vs. explicit type conversion.

Operators: Arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, increment/decrement, bitwise, and ternary operators.

Formatted I/O: Standard console input/output using printf(), scanf(), escape sequences, and format specifiers (%d, %f, %c, %s).

Decision Making: if, if-else, nested conditional blocks, and multi-way branching with switch-case.

Iterative Loops: Implementing for, while, and do-while loops for repetitive tasks.

Loop Control Statements: Controlling execution flow using break, continue, and goto.

Logic Building: Algorithmic patterns, number theory challenges (prime numbers, Fibonacci, factorials), and nested loops.

Function Basics: Function declaration (prototyping), definition, return types, and parameter passing.

Parameter Passing Mechanics: Understanding Call by Value vs. Call by Reference.

Storage Classes & Scope: Managing variable lifetime and visibility using auto, static, extern, and register.

Recursion: Designing recursive base-case logic, memory stack frame tracking, and divide-and-conquer problem-solving.

1D Arrays: Array declaration, contiguous memory allocation, element indexing, and traversal.

Multi-Dimensional Arrays: 2D arrays, matrix operations (addition, multiplication, transpositions), and grid representations.

Arrays & Functions: Passing 1D and multi-dimensional arrays to modular functions.

Core Algorithms: Implementing search algorithms (Linear) and sorting techniques on arrays.

String Fundamentals: Character arrays, string literals, and the role of the null terminator (\0).

Standard String Library: Manipulating text using <string.h> (strlen, strcpy, strcat, strcmp).

Custom String Logic: Writing string algorithms from scratch (palindrome check, string reversal, anagrams, substring extraction).

Pointer Mechanics: Address-of operator (&), dereferencing operator (*), pointer initialization, and NULL pointer safety.

Pointer Arithmetic & Arrays: Base addresses, pointer increments, array indexing via pointers, and string pointers.

Structures (struct): Creating composite data types, accessing members via dot (.) and arrow (->) operators.

Advanced Structures: Arrays of structures and nested structures,

Unions: Memory-efficient data storage, shared memory behavior, and structures vs. unions comparison.

Type Aliases & Enums: Creating custom readable types using typedef and constant enumeration sets using enum.

File Streams: Working with FILE pointers and file modes ("r", "w", "a", "rb", "wb").

Text File I/O: Reading and writing formatted/unformatted data using fprintf(), fscanf(), fgetc(), fputc(), fgets(), and fputs().